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Thursday, October 31, 2013

How to Make a Dining Table Top

How to Make a Dining Table Top

Large single slabs of lumber are hard to come by and can be quite expensive, so most table tops are made from several pieces of lumber joined together. Making a dining table top from several pieces of lumber can give different looks to a table. Use reclaimed lumber for a rustic farmhouse-style table, or nice planks of maple or cherry polished to a fine degree for a fancier table top. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Form two planks of 80 1/2 inch 1-by-4-inch lumber (side aprons of the table top) and two planks of 36 inch 1-by-4-inch lumber (end aprons) into a rectangle with the ends of the side aprons abutting the inside of the end aprons to make corners.

    2

    Glue the corner joints, check for square using a carpenter's square then set in corner clamps to dry; approximately an hour depending on the glue brand. Pre-drill two countersunk pilot holes through the sides of the end aprons into the ends of the side aprons and secure together with 2-inch wood screws.

    3

    Insert a plank of 34 1/2 inch 2-by-2-inch lumber every 10 inches between the side aprons; seven in total. Push these support planks down so they are flush with the bottom of the side and end aprons, then secure them in place with two wood screws driven through the outside of the side aprons into each end of the support planks.

    4

    Lay two planks of 86 inch 1-by-10-inch lumber side by side on a work table. Bead a line of glue along one long edge and then use two large F clamps to press the two pieces of lumber together by fastening the F clamp over the outer sides of the two planks. Repeat with another two planks of 86 inch 1-by-10-inch lumber.

    5

    Lay the two glued planks of lumber side-by-side on a work surface and place the apron frame over the top. Adjust the position of the frame so that there is an inch overhang on the side of the frame and 2 inches on the ends, which will make the table top centered.

    6

    Clamp the table top to the frame, then pre-drill countersunk pilot holes; three per support plank into each of the table top planks. Secure with 2 1/4-inch wood screws. Turn the table top over, so the frame is on the bottom, then drive three countersunk 2-inch wood screws through each table top plank into the end aprons.

    7

    Sand the table top and aprons with a sander or by hand. Finish the tabletop with your desired wood finish, paint, varnish, stain, wax or oil.

Wednesday, October 30, 2013

How to Use Drafting Tools

Drafting tools are an architect's best friend. You can't begin to apply your advanced drafting skills until you've learned how to select drafting pencils and what to use which kind of pencil for, how to set up your paper on your drafting board and how to use dividers.

Instructions

Pencils

    1

    Use a .5 mm pencil with 6H lead for drawing guidelines and construction lines.

    2

    Keep a .5mm pencil with H lead on hand to darken center and hidden lines. You'll also use this pencil for lettering purposes.

    3

    Darken thick object lines with a .9 mm pencil loaded with H or 2H lead.

Drafting Board

    4

    Lay your paper on your drafting board.

    5

    Line up one of the horizontal lines on your drawing with the edge of the horizontal slider on your board.

    6

    Tape all four corners of the paper down so that it won't wiggle or move while you draw.

Dividers

    7

    Align each arm of the dividers so that one point is laying on the start point of the measurement you want to transfer and the other divider point is laying on the endpoint of that same measurement.

    8

    Lift the dividers off the measurement you intend to transfer, being careful not to change their alignment.

    9

    Place the dividers over the location you'd like to transfer the measurement to, and make a pencil mark to indicate where each of the dividers' pointers sits. This duplicates the measurement.

Drafting Scale

    10

    Place the edge of the scale parallel to the line being measured.

    11

    Face the edge of the scale that you're reading toward your nondominant side (if it's oriented vertically) or away from you (if it's oriented horizontally). This helps keep you from casting shadows on the relevant face of the scale as you work.

    12

    Make light marks to indicate the distance you're measuring or drawing out, as measured by the scale.

    13

    Adjust dividers with the scale by making a pencil line as long as the dividers should be wide, using the scale as a guide. Then adjust the dividers by orienting the points on the ends of the pencil line. Adjusting the dividers by placing the points directly on the scale might nick the surface of the scale, making it hard to read.

Protactor

    14

    Draw a straight pencil line that forms one side of the angle you need to draw. Orient the straight edge of the protractor along this line with the middle point where the vertex of the angle will be.

    15

    Make a small mark at the desired angle measurement on the protractor.

    16

    Use a straight edge--or the straight edge of the protractor--to draw a straight line from the vertex of the angle toward the mark you just made. You don't have to connect the vertex and the mark if you don't want a long line--just make sure that, if you were to keep drawing the line, it would intersect the mark you made.

Drafting Triangle

    17

    Select the vertex of the drafting triangle that has the angle you'd like to draw. For example, if you're drawing a 30-degree angle, select the vertex of the 30-60-90 triangle that measures 30 degrees.

    18

    Place the point of the vertex you selected where you want the vertex of the drawn angle to be. If one ray (line) of the angle is already drawn, line one of the triangle's edges up with it. If no lines have been drawn yet, just make sure the edges of the triangle are oriented as you'd like the edges of the angle to be.

    19

    Draw in one or both rays (lines) of the angle as necessary, extending the lines as far as required to represent the object you're drawing.

Drafting Compass

    20

    Place the point of the drafting compass at the center point of the circle you intend to draw. If you're drawing an arc, imagine that the arc extends all the way around into a circle and place the point of the compass at the center of that imaginary circle.

    21

    Adjust the leaded end of the compass so that it touches where you'd like the edge of the arc--or circle--to be. If you're drawing an arc at a specific distance from the center point, make a line of the desired distance, adjust the point and leaded end of the compass against the ends of that line, then place the point of the compass back at the center point of your circle or arc.

    22

    Grasp the middle of the compass between your thumb and fingers. Twist your fingers, applying light downward pressure on the compass to mark out the desired length of arc or circle with the leaded end of the compass.

Sunday, October 27, 2013

How to Decorate a Tropical Dining Room

How to Decorate a Tropical Dining Room

According to HGTV's Design Styles, the tropical theme pulls inspiration from carvings in island motifs and furniture made from dark or exotic woods. Bring this theme into your dining room with light walls, carved pieces and wooden accents. Decor Secrets suggests using wooden blinds and sheer curtains. Fabrics in palm, pineapple and flower patterns extend the tropical feel. Using dishes of various colors add a pop of color to the table and complete the look. Many tropical accents can be found at department stores and home dcor outlets. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Paint all walls with pale colored paint in blue, green or yellow. Paint any trim pieces white. Allow to dry thoroughly.

    2

    Install cherry wood or laminate flooring. Center a large bamboo area rug. Bring in furniture. Place a black wooden table and chairs on the rug. Place a black wooden sideboard centered against one wall.

    3
    Sideboard layout

    Top the sideboard with palm patterned table runner. Place a pineapple candle holder at each end. Hang fern art in wooden frames above the sideboard.

    4
    Sample Tiki mask layout

    Hang Tiki masks on the wall opposite the sideboard. Cover windows with wooden blinds and sheer curtains.

    5
    Sample place setting

    Cover the table with a palm tree tablecloth. Add dishes and napkins for a finished look.

How to Make an Amortization Table in Java

Have you ever wondered how banks, credit card companies and other lenders calculate your monthly payments? Perhaps you thought it was by some mysterious and suspiciously secret process? Actually, lenders calculate payments based on a technique known as an amortization table. The math for filling in an amortization table can be a bit tedious, however, and that makes it a good candidate for completing it in Java.

Instructions

    1

    Open a text editor and immediately save the file as "AmortizationTable.java." This will save you some trouble if your computer crashes in the middle of your work.

    2

    Paste the following Java code into the text editor:

    import java.io.Console;

    import java.text.NumberFormat;

    public class AmortizationTable

    public static void main(String[] args)

    Console console = System.console();

    String principalS = console.readLine("Please enter your principal> $");

    String lengthS = console.readLine("Please enter the length of your loan in months> ");

    String interestS = console.readLine("Please enter your annual interest rate. Do not include the percent sign> ");

    double principal = Double.parseDouble(principalS);

    int length = Integer.parseInt(lengthS);

    double interest = Double.parseDouble(interestS);

    double monthlyInterest = interest / (12 * 100);

    double monthlyPayment = principal * ( monthlyInterest / ( 1 - Math.pow((1 + monthlyInterest), (length*-1))));

    final int PAYMENT_WIDTH = 15;

    final int AMOUNT_WIDTH = 15;

    final int PRINCIPAL_WIDTH = 15;

    final int INTEREST_WIDTH = 15;

    final int BALANCE_WIDTH = 15;

    String pattern = "%" + PAYMENT_WIDTH + "s%" + AMOUNT_WIDTH + "s%" + PRINCIPAL_WIDTH + "s%" + INTEREST_WIDTH + "s%" + BALANCE_WIDTH + "s";

    System.out.printf(pattern, "PAYMENT", "AMOUNT", "PRINCIPAL", "INTEREST", "BALANCE");

    System.out.println();

    NumberFormat nf = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();

    for (int x = 1; x <= length; x++)

    double amountInterest = principal * monthlyInterest;

    double amountPrincipal = monthlyPayment - amountInterest;

    principal = principal - amountPrincipal;

    System.out.printf(pattern, x, nf.format(monthlyPayment), nf.format(amountPrincipal), nf.format(amountInterest), nf.format(principal));

    System.out.println();

    The program is fairly simple. First, it asks you for the three pieces of information it needs to calculate the amortization table: the amount you borrowed, the length of the loan in months and the annual interest rate. It interprets that information into numbers and does the math according to some standard formulas used in the finance industry. When it's finished with the math, it prints out the table, showing your not just your monthly payment, but how much of it, each month, goes to interest and how much goes to paying down your original loan.

    3

    Save your work and open a terminal/command prompt. In Windows, you can do this by clicking "Start," "Run" and typing "cmd." Type the following in the terminal to compile your program:

    javac AmortizationTable.java

    Alternatively, if you chose a programmer's text editor such as Netbeans, you can probably just click the "Build" button and skip this step.

    4

    Type the following into your terminal to run the program:

    java AmortizationTable

    Answer the prompts and analyze the amortization table to see if the loan is the best deal for you.

Ideas for a Living Room Banquette

Ideas for a Living Room Banquette

A banquette is a creative way to set up a dining area. Banquettes were originally used in kitchens for informal dining and were the forerunners of modern breakfast bars. Today, banquettes are a popular design choice because many new homes, apartments, lofts and condominiums do not have formal dining rooms. Banquettes allow you to be more casual and take a free-style approach to creating a dining setting. You can also be versatile and even eclectic in your choice of furnishings. Does this Spark an idea?

Living and Dining

    Not every home has a dedicated or formal dining room. Many modern floor plans have one large and open space for the living room, and give occupants the option to dedicate a space for dining, or not. The openness of such a floor plan is a good way to create a living and dining space without interrupting the flow of the open design. You can also be creative in where you position the banquette. The banquette can have a back wall, with a custom-built seating unit and combined with a medium-size dining room table. Or, you can select banquette-height sofas and shape them in an L-shape to create a banquette dining area within the living room.

At-Home Diner

    If youre into retro dcor styles a living room, banquette is a good way to display your love for vintage finds and collectibles. For examples, you can have a custom wall unit built thats covered with vinyl to mimic the look of a diner from the 1960s. Then you can combine one or two Formica tables to create the dining tables. If you need additional seating, look for vinyl-covered chairs with chrome legs at vintage stores. There are also companies that make replicas of chairs from the 60s that you can find on the Internet. Frame items such as album covers and restaurant menus as artwork to complete the at-home diner style.

Corner High-Rise View

    A corner space is a perfect space to set up a living room banquette. You can use windows on one or both sides to create a defined space, complete with window treatments and a view. If you live in an urban high-rise apartment or condominium, the backdrop of night lights and the skyline during the day will make add to the enjoyment of dining.

Before and After Dinner Delights

    There are many stylish and sophisticated furniture choices for banquette-sized sofas. This creates interesting options for a banquette area in a living room even if you have a formal dining room. You can use the banquette to serve cocktails and hors doeuvres before dinner, and for serving deserts and beverages after dinner. By using the living room banquette, you can transition guests from one room to another to give dinner parties and gatherings a mix of settings.

Unique Ways to Paint Dining Room Chairs

Unique Ways to Paint Dining Room Chairs

Painting furniture is a terrific tactic for turning old or unsightly dining chairs into fun focal points or elegant seating for guests. While you can go the usual route and paint your chairs solid colors, or distress them for a shabby chic look, consider a painting treatment that's a little more unusual to give your chairs artistic, one-of-kind appeal. Does this Spark an idea?

Pull Out the Paint Pens

    After covering your chairs with a few coats of shiny new paint, embellish them with paint pens. Paint pens give you excellent control and allow you to draw pictures, write words or add detailed embellishments such as dots or swirls. Consider scribbling lines of a romantic poem on each chair, drawing a large monogram on the back of each chair, painting on polka dots or writing each family member's name across a chair so everyone has their very own spot at the dinner table. Your options are as unlimited as your imagination.

Stripe it Rich

    Use blue painter's tape to create stripes on your chairs. Don't go for boring, go for broke with chevron stripes, random widths, multiple colors or soft pastels. Try vertical stripes on the seats and horizontal stripes on the chairs' backs, or a monochromatic look with multiple shades of the same color.

Tone on Tone

    Make a subtle statement with a tone-on-tone treatment. Purchase the same color in both matte and gloss formulas. Choose one for the base, then use the other to stencil or free-hand any sort of designs you like, from a brocade pattern to fleur de lis, words or swirls. The result is a subtle yet noticeable design that raises solid color furniture to the next level.

Metallic

    Although metal leafing is a long, tedious process, you can get similar results from metallic paints. Gold, silver, bronze and copper offer glamorous, timeless appeal. Metallic paints now come in a wider variety of colors than ever, allowing you to give your chairs a look like no other. Consider turquoise, orange or purple metallic paint to create dining chairs that are part conversation piece, part focal point, part function.

Free-Hand and Fabulous

    When you free-hand chairs there are no limits. Paint flowers, animals, nature scenes or wild abstract designs. Try splatter painting your chairs in your favorite color combination, with either a very heavy or light coating of splatters. You can even let your kids cover your chairs in multicolored handprints. When you're finished painting your chairs, embellish them with decoupage, decals, jewels or mosaic tiles.

Saturday, October 26, 2013

How to Rearrange a Room

Redecorating your home can involve new furniture in a room or a rearrangement of your existing furniture for a new look. Before you rearrange anything, have a plan that includes your goal for the room, such as adding a reading nook to a bedroom, and which pieces of furniture you want to fit in the room. To get the proper flow of a room, keep in mind traffic and how people can easily move around the furniture in the room. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Arrange the furniture around a focal point in the room, such as a TV or a fireplace.

    2

    Place your large furniture, such as a couch, in the room first, followed by the furniture that supports the large furniture, such as lounge chairs and a coffee table. A dining table in the dining room is the large furniture, while the dining chairs and side table are support furniture for the table. In the bedroom, the bed is the large furniture, a nightstand and dresser the support pieces.

    3

    Partition your room into useable spaces, such as a reading corner or a game nook, with your arrangement of furniture.

    4

    Place items in the best light for their color and shape. Break up lines of furniture by placing tall, short and medium height items next to each other.

Thursday, October 24, 2013

How to Build a Dining Table for Under $80

An elegant table is the centerpiece of any dining room. But elegant doesn't have to mean expensive. With the right materials and a little know how, elegance can be achieved on a shoestring budget. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Buy the 2x4s and 2x12s. If you don't have a truck have each piece cut in half at the Home Improvement Store.

    2

    Make Cuts. 2x4s: 8@ 28 1/2 inches. 2@59 7/8 inches. 2@ 31 inches. 1@33 1/2 inches.
    2x12s: 4@ 71 7/8 inches.

    3

    Screw two 28 1/2 inch 2x4s together making sure they line up evenly at both ends (flush) and on all edges. You'll make a total of four of these pairs. These are your legs. Notice that they do not make a square. Instead they are 3 inches x 3 1/4 inches.

    4

    Screw each end of each 59 7/8 2x4 into the 3 inch side of each leg. Make sure you are flush with the top and the outside edge of the legs. This creates the long edge of your table. Screw each 31 inch 2x4 into each 3 1/4 inch of each leg making the short edge of your table. Finish the lower frame off by centering the 33 1/2inch 2x4 and attaching it to the long edges.

    5

    Center the 2x12s over the top of the table frame you just built. Make sure there is even space on both ends (3 inches) and on both sides (also 3 inches). Screw the 2 x 12s into the legs and rails of the table frame.

    6

    Fill in all the screw holes with wood filler. Let it dry. Sand the entire table.

    7

    Brush on Stain. Wipe off excess. For a deeper color add another coat.

    8

    Brush or spray on a coat of laquer. After it dries, sand it lightly with 220 grit sandpaper. Repeat 2 or 3 times.

    9

    Show off your table to all your friends.

How to Compare Billiard Tables

How to Compare Billiard Tables

A billiard table, or pool table, is a popular recreational fixture in many households. While billiard tables can be entertaining, they also represent a substantial investment for many buyers. When comparing billiard tables, consider factors such as size, quality, price and playing surface to find the perfect model for your home.

Instructions

    1

    Narrow your selection in terms of budget and durability. According to Dick's Sporting Goods, the most economical pool tables cost less than $1,000, but can only be expected to last for a few years. For $1,500, buyers can get a mid-range unit that will last 5 to 7 years on average. Pool tables that cost more than $1,500 should come with a lifetime warranty, and custom-built models will generally cost more than $2,800.

    2

    Choose the right size billiard table for your home. Pool tables are sized based on the size of the room and the size of the cue stick you plan to use. For instance, according to Sports Unlimited, those using a 48-inch cue can fit a 7-foot table in a room that's a minimum of 11'9" by 15'. Those using a 58-inch cue will require a room that's at least 13'3" by 16'6" to accommodate a 7-foot table. For more sizing help, see the Sports Unlimited link in the References section.

    3

    Ask about the playing surface. A slate surface is the strongest and most durable material for billiard table construction, followed by composite products like slatron. Hardboard and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) are often the most economical options, but are more likely to suffer warping or damage over time.

    4

    Check what type of cloth is used to cover the playing surface. Most competitive tables are made from a wool/nylon blend, while recreational tables are made from synthetic nylon. If you want to practice for tournaments, stick with wool/nylon blends to mimic the tournament experience.

    5

    Inquire about rail construction. According to Overstock.com, solid wood rails are the most durable, with MDF and composite wood a close second. Laminate rails are the least durable, and may peel or chip with heavy use. Because of their high level of moisture resistance, fiberglass rails are the best choice for outdoor billiard tables.

    6

    Consider the types of pockets available on billiard tables. Drop pockets are the most common, though many prefer the look of enclosed pockets. Some tables even come with a ball return option for easier and faster setup between games.

    7

    Look at what material the rail cushions are made from. The standard K-66 tournament cushion is popular with competitive players, according to Overstock.com. For those who want a faster rebound and higher durability, especially for outdoor use, gum rubber is a more effective option.

Wednesday, October 23, 2013

How to Buy a Used Pool Table

New pool tables can cost several thousand dollars. However, many well-maintained pool tables can last for years, if not a lifetime. That means it's likely that, with enough research and patience, you can find a good deal for a used pool table in good condition. It's important to research before buying. Websites and classified ads usually offer a wide variety of used pool tables.

Instructions

Used Pool Tables

    1

    Do some research. Even a used pool table is a significant purchase. Accordingly, it's important to take the time to do your research so that you can make an informed choice and avoid buyer's remorse. Think about what space you will use for the table, what size table fits your needs and what type of features you want your pool table to have.

    2

    Search for the right table at the right time--which can be a significant task in itself. Check newspaper classifieds daily. Websites such as Craigslist and eBay usually offer lots of choices for purchasing used goods. Buying local, on a site such as Craigslist, offers the advantage of seeing the pool table in person before purchasing.

    3

    Buy your used pool table. Once you have done your research and have your home ready, you can purchase your used pool table. If you buy locally from Craigslist, you will need a truck to go pick up the table. Doing so will save money on shipping.

Tuesday, October 22, 2013

What Is a Community Roundtable?

What Is a Community Roundtable?

"Community roundtable" refers to an organized discussion involving a related group of people---such as students of a school, members of a profession or residents of a city---who have interests in common. It can be a one-time meeting or an ongoing dialogue.

Academic Roundtable

    Switzerland's European Graduate School held a "Love and Community" roundtable discussion focusing on philosophical writings by Jean-Luc Nancy about the possibility of achieving the Christian concept of love. The community involved professors in the school's philosophy department, as well as an audience of people interested in Nancy's writings.

Retail Roundtable

    New York City Roundtable is an online publication of the New York City Council of Supply Chain Management Professionals (CSCMP). This community of retail managers helped make supplies available to rescue workers following the 9/11 attacks in 2001. It provides networking, conferences and other opportunities for its members to share concerns and ideas.

Immigration Roundtable

    The Twin Cities Immigrant Roundtable is an organization in Minnesota that worked with the state's African Development Center to present a three-hour discussion about "issues and challenges" facing the local immigrant community. Roundtable participants included representatives of the League of Women Voters, various human rights organizations, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services.

Purpose of Coffee Tables

While the purpose of a coffee table may seem obvious, there are a variety of uses for it. A coffee table can be used for formal or informal occasions. It can withstand the weight of a pair of feet or something as delicate as a tea cup. A coffee table is used by children and adults alike for different reasons. In Britain, the first wooden coffee tables were made in the late Victorian era. Does this Spark an idea?

Basic Function in the Past

    In the past, a coffee table was located in the living room or den. It was used for serving afternoon coffee or tea with snacks during social or business conversations. These settings often included the finest china, linens and silver tea service on a marble table top.

Basic Function in the Present

    Today the wooden coffee table may also be used in a more informal setting. Refreshments during a movie or sporting event in a family room or living room are common.

Decorative Accent

    Coffee tables in more formal settings are used for decorative accents. These tables may be made of wood, glass, wicker, marble or stone. They often display a floral arrangement, books or knick-knacks.

Storage

    Some families choose to use a coffee table to store books, magazines, newspapers or puzzles. Others may use it as storage for a homework center and for organizational space for families.

Recreation

    Children may have fun spreading out their puzzles or games on a coffee table. Displayed models or puzzles can be shown off in a family room. A simple game of cards or checkers can be enjoyed by parent and child on a coffee table.

Sunday, October 20, 2013

How to Buy a Dining Room Table Set

If you're tired of sitting around a table in the corner of the kitchen, or eating on a stool at a bar, perhaps it's time to buy a dining room table set. There are a few things to consider before buying the first set you see and like. Take a little time before purchasing a dining room set, since it could be a purchase that will last for years. Read on to learn more. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Think about how you plan to utilize your new dining room set. Decide if you need it for everyday use or just for entertaining and special occasions.

    2

    Decide how your dining table will fit into your life. If you will use your table for dinner parties, then decide how many people need to be seated and served. Also, if many children will be dining at your table, then consider buying a table made of very sturdy material.

    3

    Measure your space. Furniture in the stores looks a lot smaller than when you get it home and sometimes just eyeballing a space can get you into a lot of trouble. When measuring, leave at least three feet from the edge of the table to the wall, for each chair to be pulled out.

    4

    Look at the surrounding dcor to decide what kind of table will fit in without buying all new furniture. If you have dark wood in the adjoining rooms, you may want to buy the same type of wood for your dining room. Glass tables fit in with most decors, but keep it modern or traditional, according to your current style.

    5

    Figure out if you will use a tablecloth or if you will want to show off the top of your new dining room table. Get a table with a good finish if you do not use tablecloths or placemats, particularly if you have children or if you do a lot of entertaining.

Specs for Pool Tables

Specs for Pool Tables

Playing pool adheres to a strict set of mathematical formulas. Professional billiards players rely on each table to be identical, so a set of specifications for pool tables has been drawn up by the World Pool-Billiards Association so that tournament players know what to expect no matter where they go to play. Without uniform specs for pool tables, the game would lose its geometric basis and become an unpredictable game of hit-or-miss.

Table Height

    The table height allows players to achieve a correct billiards posture.
    The table height allows players to achieve a correct billiards posture.

    Regulation tables must conform to a specific height range. Measured up from the floor, the table surface, called the bed, should be between 29 1/4 inches and 31 inches. Additionally, the point of the rail, referred to as the nose, should be between 62.5 percent and 64.5 percent of the height of a standard size pool ball. This variance is allowed because the cushions tend to degrade minutely with regular play.

8-Foot Table Specs

    The outside dimensions may change, but the playable surface must be very precise.
    The outside dimensions may change, but the playable surface must be very precise.

    The playable table surface of a regulation 8-foot table is 92 1/8 inches long by 46 1/8 inches wide. The outer dimensions of the table will vary somewhat as the rails can be between 4 and 7 1/2 inches wide, including the cushion width. For proportional accuracy, these sizes are vital to calculating shots, especially those involving rail banks.

9-Foot Table Specs

    Nine foot tables are slightly wider and longer, but obey the same shooting angles.
    Nine foot tables are slightly wider and longer, but obey the same shooting angles.

    For a 9-foot table, the playable size is increased to 100 1/8 for the length and 50 1/8 for the width. As with the smaller table the rails can range from 4 to 7 1/2 inches wide, rails inclusive. This size of table is traditionally used for tournament or league play, where the smaller tables are more commonly found in coin operated venues, or locations where space is at a premium.

Slate Specifications

    It is essential to have a smooth, stable slate.
    It is essential to have a smooth, stable slate.

    The table slate must be at least 1 inch thick. The slate, either by itself or through support from the table frame, must conform to a flatness deviance of no more than 1/50 inch lengthwise and 1/100 inch from side to side. Tournament tables must use three equally sized piece to form the slate with a wooden support frame using at least 3/4 inch lumber.

Table Cushions

    Pool players expect cushions to react in the same fashion every shot.
    Pool players expect cushions to react in the same fashion every shot.

    Rubber cushions may range from 1 7/8 inches to 2 inches in width from nose to table rail. Cushion elasticity is tested using the cue ball and a firm even stroke from head point to foot point on the table. With cushions in good condition, the ball should travel a minimum of four lengths of the table. Cushions that are visibly warped or lacking the necessary elasticity are excluded from tournament play.

Table Sights

    Table sights are spaced at equal distances around the table.
    Table sights are spaced at equal distances around the table.

    Table sights are round or diamond-shaped dots placed around the perimeter of the table. There are a total of 18 sights on a regulation table, but one sight may be replaced by a name plate or counter. On a 9-foot table, sights are spaced 12 1/2 inches apart. On an 8-foot table they are located 11 1/2 inches apart. Table sights are used by players to reference the degree of angle to use for a shot.

Friday, October 18, 2013

The Types of Furniture Bases

The Types of Furniture Bases

Different types of furniture bases provide a specific kind of support for the piece and can add a unique design element. Some commonly used furniture bases are plinth bases, T-legs, Drum bases, X-bases and column legs. Each furniture base comes in a variety of shapes, sizes and materials, and can be used in a wide range of applications from office furniture to residential. Does this Spark an idea?

Plinth Bases

    Cabinet Plinth Base
    Cabinet Plinth Base

    A Plinth base is a type of platform used underneath furniture for support. Plinths are commonly used as support for cabinetry, and can have leveling feet. For audio/visual cabinetry, a plinth is often used to store and manage cables and wires. Plinth bases can be sleek and modern, with a simple rectilinear shape, or more traditional, with curved and molded edges.

T-leg Bases

    T-Leg Base
    T-Leg Base

    A T-leg base is a type of table leg. T-legs are commonly used in office furniture applications for conference, meeting or training tables. T-legs for large conference tables typically have a wider base for cable management, with a sturdy T-shaped foot. T-legs for meeting or training tables typically have a 2-inch diameter column leg with a T-shaped foot. T-legs can be made from a variety of materials such as stainless steel, brushed aluminum, cast iron or powder-coated metal.

Drum Bases

    Drum Base
    Drum Base

    A drum base is a large cylinder that can be used to support a conference table, round meeting table or peninsula island work surface. Using substantial, thick cylinder bases can make a bold design statement. Drum bases have roomy interiors that are ideal for cable management, and can come with an optional hinged-access door.

X-bases

    X-base
    X-base

    An X-base is commonly used as a furniture base for a round or square caf table. It can be X-bases are inexpensive and sturdy, making them ideal for restaurants, hotels, break rooms and meeting rooms.

Column Legs

    Column Leg
    Column Leg

    A column leg is a simple table leg used to support a table or peninsula island work surface. When used as a standard table leg, they are usually 2 inches to 3 inches in diameter and 28 inches high. When used as a support for a peninsula island work surface, they can be 4 inches or larger in diameter. They typically come with glides for leveling and protecting hard flooring surfaces.

Tuesday, October 15, 2013

How to Convert EV Into F-Stop

How to Convert EV Into F-Stop

LV, or Light Value, measures the brightness of the subject you are photographing. To expose an image correctly, you need to convert LV to EV, or Exposure Value, which is the measure of the light to which your film or digital sensor is exposed when you press the shutter release. EV is a combination of film speed, lens aperture measured in f-stops and shutter speed. LV and EV are normally determined with spotmeters to set exposures for traditional film cameras, especially medium and large formats.

Instructions

LV, EV and Camera Settings

    1

    Measure light value with a spotmeter. LV ranges from L-15, when the only light source is starlight, to L18, noon sun on open snow. LV7 is typical indoor light, or outdoors 10 minutes before sunrise or 10 minutes after sunset. Sunset scenes are LV 9-10. LV13 is bright shade or light overcast day. Gray cards in full sunlight are LV 15-16.

    2

    Convert LV to EV. Most classic spotmeters have built-in converters that you can use to translate LV to EV. Many conversion tables are available online. A simple way to convert LV to EV yourself is to remember that" EV = LV at ISO 100," and that LV and EV both have one f-stop increments. With 50 ISO film, expose LV 14 at EV 13. For ISO 400, expose an LV 12 subject at EV 14.

    3

    Convert EV to actual exposure settings. The EV scale starts at EV 0, or f/1.0 at one second. If you are shooting 100 ISO film in typical afternoon sunlight with the subject sidelit, then: LV 14 = EV 14 = f/8 at 1/125 second.

    4

    Use the "sunny 16" rule if you do not have a light meter and need to estimate approximate exposure value. "Sunny 16" is the rule that in bright sunlight you expose at f/16 at the reciprocal of the film speed. For ISO 100 film, that would mean f/16 at 1/125. Use an EV table to calculate f-stops off "sunny 16" for given lighting situations.

Monday, October 14, 2013

How to Identify the Style of a Dining Table

Decorating your home can be a joyous activity that allows you to express your own personal style. You may choose to completely decorate each room individually or you may select an overall particular decorating style. Various decorating styles such as Colonial or Victorian have distinguishing looks and materials that are associated with them. If you need to identify the style of a dining room table for your home, you can do so with some observation. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Examine the wood used in the table. Colonial tables are usually made of black walnut, ash, hickory, maple or mahogany. Victorian tables often are made of maple, rosewood or oak and tend to be heavier. Scandinavian tables can be made of any of these as well but also sometimes use elm and teak; this is not typical of many other styles.

    2

    Check the feet of the table. Colonial furniture may have a "drake," which is a simple animal paw carved into the wood. Victorian tables can use something similar, though it is more common for Victorian tables to have the foot carved into a claw that is gripping a ball. Victorian designs also may keep the foot as a continuation of the leg, as do Scandinavian tables.

    3

    Examine any hardware on the table. Colonial tables frequently utilize brass, leather, and iron. Victorian furniture sometimes use glass tabletops. Scandinavian tables don't generally use additional hardware options outside of wood.

    4

    Look at the table's finish. Colonial tables typically utilize wax, paint or oil varnish as finishes. Victorian style features oil varnish almost exclusively. Scandinavian tables also use stain along with wax or oil varnish.

    5

    Check for any ornamentation or carving. Carving or stenciling are common with colonial tables. Victorian tables utilize cutting or chipping designs in the wood. Scandinavian designs prefer clear finishes to show off the wood grain.

Sunday, October 13, 2013

Instructions on How to Disassemble a Pool Table

Instructions on How to Disassemble a Pool Table

If you are relocating, taking apart your pool table for transporting is one option. However, most experts recommend moving a pool table while it is still fully assembled. Some skill with tools is necessary to break down a pool table, as well as some familiarity with the table's construction. Without these, you stand a good chance of damaging the table. But if you must disassemble your pool table, it can be done in a few basic steps. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Position yourself beneath the table so that you can easily reach the underside. Pry out each of the staples securing the pockets to the table top with the edge of a flathead screwdriver. Twist each of the bolts securing the pool table rails counter-clockwise with a socket wrench to loosen them; finish removing the bolts by hand.

    2

    Move to the side of the table and remove each of the rails from the table top. Pull out the staples holding down the pool table felt along each side with a staple puller. Peel the felt off of the slate gently, roll it up and set it aside in a safe place.

    3

    Attach the screw bit to the drill. Completely unscrew each screw holding the slate to the table. Lift the slate off of the table (with help) and wrap it in shipping padding or blankets to protect it during transport.

    4

    Carefully turn the table over completely so that the legs stick straight up. Remove the screws holding each leg to the frame and lift the legs away one at a time. Place each leg in a safe place to avoid scratches.

Saturday, October 12, 2013

How to Convert Cubic Feet to Metric Feet

How to Convert Cubic Feet to Metric Feet

A cubic foot is a unit of measuring volume that quantifies the product of the width, length, and depth of an object or space. Conversely, a metric foot is a literary term that refers to a rhythm of accented and unaccented syllables in one line of a piece of rhyming poetry. An obsolete definition of "metric foot" refers to a 30-centimeter "foot" in the United Kingdom, which is shorter than the standard Imperial foot and has no exact proportion to a meter. Converting a volume in cubic feet to one in this widely unused unit is easiest with a conversion chart.

Instructions

    1

    Determine the volume in cubic inches of the object you wish to measure. Measure the length, width, and height in inches. For example, if measuring a box, you would lay the ruler along the edge of the short side of the box near the opening for the width, along the long side near the opening for the length, and then flip the ruler vertically and measure the distance from the bottom of the box to the top.

    2

    Multiply the length times the width times the depth to get the volume in cubic inches. Jot this number down as you may need it again when you are converting your measurement to "metric feet." Convert the cubic inches to cubic feet by dividing your result by 1,728, the number of inches in a cubic foot, and jot that answer down. To represent a cubic measurement, write a little number 3, called a superscript, next to the unit of measurement (feet or inches) slightly above the top of the last letter in the measurement and to the right.

    3

    Determine the factor for converting cubic inches to cubic centimeters. Because a "metric foot" is only 30 centimeters and an standard foot equals 30.48 centimeters, a straight conversion of cubic feet to metric feet does not obtain an exact result. Instead, convert your measurement from cubic inches to cubic centimeters, using a conversion chart. One cubic inch is equivalent to 16.378 cubic centimeters.

    4

    Convert your cubic inches to cubic centimeters by multiplying your original result in inches by 16.378 to obtain the equivalent number of cubic centimeters in your measurement.

    5

    Convert a "metric foot" to a cubic metric foot by multiplying the number of centimeters in a metric foot by itself three times. In other words, multiply 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm to obtain a result of 27,000 cubic centimeters.

    6

    Divide your result in step 4 (the number of cubic centimeters) by the number of cubic centimeters in a cubic "metric foot" (or 27,000). Because a metric foot is not considered an actual unit of measurement, there is no commonly accepted way to abbreviate the measurement; so, write your numerical result followed by the phrase "metric feet," followed by a superscript 3, slightly above and to the right of the "t" in feet.

Friday, October 11, 2013

Missions Banquet Ideas

Missions Banquet Ideas

Promoting global missions through a banquet can feel like a daunting task. There are so many possibilities to consider in the decorations and themes, that one could easily get lost in the details and forget the big picture. Fortunately, the modern missionary world is diverse enough to support a wide variety of ideas,

Unreached People Groups

    There are still hundreds of language and cultural groups that have never heard about Christianity. Theme your banquet around unreached people groups. Decorate the walls and tables with maps of where these people groups live, and purchase ethnic crafts from those countries to use as centerpieces.

    Bring in missionary speakers from this area to give an insider's perspective on what it is like to live and work in these areas. Scour Youtube, the BBC and "National Geographic" for footage and pictures of these people. Give each guest the name of an unreached group to represent throughout the course of the meal. Plan activities that cause people to delve deeply into what it would be like to live without knowledge of the gospel. Be sure to include people groups that have recently been reached and celebrate the fact that they have been added to the kingdom.

Two/Three Communion

    The two/three communion is an emotionally moving activity in which all the members of the banquet gather into groups of three. The elements of Communion are passed out to each group in the form of a common piece of bread and cup. Two members of the group are permitted to partake in the communion, but the third is only allowed to watch, thereby representing the third of the world's population which has not heard about Jesus. Later this third is permitted to partake of Communion together with the larger group during a prayer time. This activity should be done at the end of the banquet.

International Meal

    Have each table represent a region of the world or a specific people group. These tables are served a meal that is typical in that region. The food is explained by a local missionary, or on a printout that each table reads before eating.

    To make this an even more authentic experience, have the tables represent areas stricken with poverty and serve them a meal of broth and a crust of bread (or whatever is actually eaten on a daily basis in their appointed region) to drive the point home. Then, later in the banquet, have special desserts provided to contrast what life is like in heaven, or once a group has accepted Christ.

Thursday, October 10, 2013

How to Set a Formal Dining Room Table

How to Set a Formal Dining Room Table

Preparing for a formal dinner party at your home can be a bit mind-boggling with the preparation of the food, dessert and drinks. Worrying about the proper placement of the table settings should not be a concern. Specific rules and guidelines exist so that you can entertain honored guest and VIPs in your home without worrying about the etiquette of your table setting. After setting your formal dining room table, you should be able to relax and be a gracious host for your guests. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Place the charger or largest plate on the table first. It will remain in place until the main entree is served and then the two plates will be exchanged.

    2

    Locate the largest fork, or dinner fork, directly to the left of the charger plate.

    3

    Position other forks, such as the salad or fish fork directly to the right of the dinner fork. If you are serving salad first, it should be farthest to the right, then the fish fork and dinner fork.

    4

    Place the dinner knife directly to the right of the dinner plate with the cutting edge toward the plate. If you are using a salad or fish knife, position it to the right of the dinner knife. Always remember that utensils are used from the outside in, so anything for the first course should be the farthest from the dinner plate. This is also a good step to remember when dining at fine restaurants or at a formal dinner party yourself.

    5

    Place soup or fruit spoons to the right of the dinner knife if you will serve these dishes as a first course.

    6

    Keep in mind that an oyster fork is the only fork that is ever placed on the right side of the dinner plate, according to the Emily Post website.

    7

    Position the butter plate above the forks on the left side of the place setting.

    8

    Position the butter knife diagonally on top of the butter plate. The handle should be facing right and the blade facing down.

    9

    Place the water glass or goblet directly above the dinner knives. You can then position glasses to the right of it, typically with the smallest glass to the farthest right, such as a sherry or aperitif glass or coffee cup.

    10

    Lay the napkin on top of the charger or dinner plate.

How to Convert a Word Table to Excel

The format of a table in Microsoft Word is very similar to the look of a set of cells (columns and rows) in its sister program, Microsoft Excel. But it is preferable to have information from a table in Excel because you can better analyze the data, define formulas, format the fields, and make automatic calculations (if you have numerical data). Even if you only have words, such as a list of addresses or names, you can sort and manage the data more efficiently in Excel. There are very quick ways to convert your Word tables into Excel files.

Instructions

Simple Copy and Paste Method

    1

    Select the entire table in Word. The best way to do this is to place your cursor to the top left of the table, click and hold, then drag the cursur down until the entire table is completely selected. Everything should be highlighted in blue.

    2

    Copy the table (CTRL + C) and then go to Microsoft Excel.

    3

    Click inside of the first cell. Press CTRL + V to paste the table over. Each cell from the Word table will paste over to its own cell, keeping the formatting intact. If you don't want the formatting to transfer over, click "Paste" then "Paste Special" from the main menu (may be under the "Edit" menu in some older versions of Excel). Select "Text" from the list of options to paste the data only.

Plain Text Conversion Method

    4

    Select and copy the entire table (using the same suggested instructions from step one of the last section).

    5

    Open a new Word document. Click "Paste" then "Paste Special" from the Word menu (again, this may be under the "Edit" menu in some versions). Select "Unformatted Text" from the list and then "OK."

    6

    Navigate to "File" then click "Save" on the Word main menu. Choose "Plain Text" on the "Save as Type" drop down list in the dialog box. A "File Conversion" box will pop up---review the layout of the data to assure it appears correctly (there should be tabs between each piece of data in each row) and then click "OK."

    7

    Go to Microsoft Excel and click "Open" from the "File" menu. Assure that "All Files" is selected on the "Files of Type" drop-down list. Find the plain text file that you just saved in Word and open.

    8

    Click "Next" on the first page of the "Text Import Wizard" that pops up (it's okay if a strange character appears between the data---that represents a tab mark). Select "Tab" in the "Delimiter" section and then next. On the final screen, review how the data will appear and click "Finish." The contents of the Word table will now appear in Excel.

Wednesday, October 9, 2013

How to Choose Dining Furniture

Dining furniture traditionally consists of a table and chairs and is placed in the kitchen or dining room. The proper dining set for your home should be a good combination of functionality and beauty. Dining sets are available in a variety of different materials and styles to suit every preference. If you take care to purchase dining furniture that is well made, it will last many years, and you may even be able to pass it down to your children one day. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Consider the current size of your immediate family and if you expect your family to grow any larger. This will help you determine whether you need a dining set that comes with four, six or even eight chairs. Also consider how often you entertain guests for meals as guests will require adequate seating as well.

    2

    Measure the size of your kitchen or dining room prior to shopping for dining furniture using a measuring tape. It is important that the area you choose for your furniture is large enough to comfortably accommodate it. Take the measuring tape with you when you shop to also measure furniture that appeals to you. Compare the measurements before purchasing.

    3

    Decide whether you want traditional wooden furniture or a more modern material such as steel, glass or even marble. Consider any other pieces of furniture present in the dining area along with your dcor to help you make the right choice.

    4

    Budget ahead of time for how much you are willing to spend. You can purchase good quality furniture at a reasonable price, and sticking to your budget will help prevent buyer's remorse after you get the dining set home.

    5

    Sit down on the chairs that accompany each dining set you consider. Comfort should be a primary consideration--especially if you intend to keep the dining set for a long time. Pull the chair up to the table to evaluate how much leg room you will have if you bring the set home.

    6

    Ask the store manager about any warranties that come with the dining sets that appeal to you. A good warranty will add security to your purchase and protect you in the event your furniture is defective.

    7

    Consider alternate styles. Although most dining sets come with tables, some are available with benches or barstools. You may even consider dining furniture in bright colors.

Saturday, October 5, 2013

How to Clean a Billiard Table

How to Clean a Billiard Table

Playing a fun game of billiards starts with a quality table. A level, well-kept table provides fair play for everyone and hours of enjoyment for billiard lovers. Keep your billiard table in good shape by cleaning it regularly. Give it a light clean after every game and a deeper clean every couple of months. Regular billiard table maintenance will protect your investment. Does this Spark an idea?

Instructions

    1

    Remove the billiard balls from the table one by one. Rub each one well with a clean cotton cloth. Place the balls in a wooden box and set them aside.

    2

    Wipe down the railings and sides of the pool table with a clean cloth.

    3

    Brush the surface of the billiard table with a mini-broom. Do not use a straw broom on your billiard table. You could snag the felt and damage your playing surface. Sweep any crumbs or debris into a pile. Sweep the crumbs and debris into a dustpan.

    4

    Clean out each pool pocket with a cotton cloth.

    5

    Spray a dry cloth with a little wood polish. Polish the wooden portions of your pool table, rubbing the polish into the surface. Use a wood wax to get a deep luster from your wood.

    6

    Cover your pool table with a cloth or sheet when it is not being using. This will prevent your table from collecting dust when it sits. A cover will protect your table when you need to change a pool light bulb or clean the ballast.

    7

    Use glass cleaner and a cloth to wipe down the light over the pool table. Replace any burned out bulbs.

Clean Up Spills

    8

    Blot up the liquid with a lint-free cloth. Press the cloth down on the liquid to keep it from spreading. Change the cloth as needed. Keep blotting until the liquid is absorbed.

    9

    Dampen a fresh cloth with cold water. Blot the damp cloth over the area. This will help absorb the spilled liquids.

    10

    Mix one cup of cold water with a tablespoon of vinegar. Dampen the cloth with the vinegar. Blot over the stained area. Gently scrub the stain away.

    11

    Allow the wet spot to dry for 24 hours. Repeat the process if the stain remains.

Friday, October 4, 2013

How to Move a Billiard Table

How to Move a Billiard Table

Whether you're moving to a new house or have set up a new game room, moving your billiard table requires careful and safe handling to make sure that it arrives in one piece. Some people have professional movers move their pool or billiard tables, but it is possible to safely move it yourself---with the help of a few friends. In this article, you'll learn how to move your billiard table without damaging or warping the table---or your back.

Instructions

Moving Without a Dolly

    1

    Remove the staples around the edges of the pockets, if your table has them. Remove the pockets themselves and mark them so you know which one went where.

    2

    Unscrew the rails using the screwdriver, or drill, if necessary. Most rails have three screws in them. Mark the rails so you know which ones go where. Slide the rails off the frame.

    3

    Remove the felt. You'll have to have the table refelted after the move is complete, but removing the felt allows for better and safer purchase on the slate when you move it. If your felt is stapled in, remove the staples using a staple remover. If it is glued on, peel it off the slate slowly.

    4

    Remove the screws holding the slate into the frame with the drill. If the screws are covered with wax, as some are, scrape the wax away with the screwdriver first. Work carefully so as not to burr the screws or damage the slate.

    5

    Lay out the padding, such as heavy blankets or moving padding, and lift the slate panels out of the frame. You'll need help for this---at least two people to each end. Place the panels on the padding and wrap them up securely with the straps.

    6

    Turn the frame over and remove the legs using the drill. Again, work carefully so as not to burr the screws or damage the wood frame. Wrap the parts of the frame in the padding and secure with straps.

    7

    Move the parts of the frame first, followed by the slate panels and rails. When you have reached your destination, assemble the frame first, then insert the panels. Refelt the table (or have it done), put the rails back on, and have the table leveled.

Moving with a Dolly

    8

    Move your billiard table with a specialty moving dolly with jacks. These can be used if you are just moving the table a few feet. Roll the dolly under the table and lock the brakes.

    9

    Push the handle up to raise the carrying surface underneath the table. With people steadying the table, jack the carrying surface up so that the table rests fully on it. There should be about 4 inches of clearance between the table legs and the floor.

    10

    Unlock the brakes and push the dolly to the table's new location. Lock the brakes. Lower the jack slowly until the table rests on the floor. Remove the dolly. Have the table leveled.

    11

    Use a side dolly if you need to move the table through narrow spaces. Clamp the dolly onto the side of the table. Lock the brakes. Turn the table onto its side with the dolly. Have extra people available to help turn the table and stabilize it. Roll the table to its new location, lock the brakes, and turn it back onto its legs and remove the dolly. The table will still need to be leveled.

Thursday, October 3, 2013

How to Convert a Microsoft Word Table Into an Excel Workbook

You can use Microsoft Excel for storing large amounts of data. If your data currently exists in a Microsoft Word table document and you want to use an Excel spreadsheet to manage it, you don't have to resort to manual typing. The data can be easily converted into Excel by using these short steps.

Instructions

    1

    Open Microsoft Word and Excel from the desktop menu. In Word, find the document containing the text to be converted. In Excel, open a blank worksheet.

    2

    Return to the Word document and confirm that the text appears in true table format. If there are gridlines or a compass symbol enclosed in a box at the top left corner of the first column, the text is a true table. If not, the text appears in columned format only and must be converted to a true table.

    3

    Convert columned text to a true table by inserting a tab, a comma or an asterisk in between each row of the columns. Highlight all the text. Click "Table" on the "File" menu and scroll down to "Convert."

    4

    Choose the text appearing to the right, "Text to Table." A dialog box opens entitled, "Convert Text to Table." Enter the number of columns and rows. Go down to "Separate Text At" and type in the symbol used to divide the columns. Hit "OK."

    5

    Click on the box containing the compass symbol in the top left corner to select the entire table for exporting to Excel. Under "Edit" on the "File" menu, choose "Copy." Switch back to the Excel program and click inside the cell where the table should be placed. Go to "Edit" and choose "Paste."

    6

    Format the Excel worksheet to accommodate the table with a new look. Adjust the width of columns and the height of rows so that the text fits neatly.

    7

    Keep the same appearance it had in the original Word document by locating the "Paste Options" icon in the lower right corner of the pasted text. Click on the drop-down arrow and choose "Keep Source Formatting."

Wednesday, October 2, 2013

Metric System Vs. the U.S. System of Weights & Measures

The U.S. system and the metric system of weights and measures are sets of units used to quantify the size and mass of objects. The U.S. system comes from the old English system of weights and measures, while the metric system was developed to replace the English system.

History

    The U.S. system was developed based on lengths of the human body going back to Roman times. The metric system was developed by France at the end of the 18th century.

Time Frame

    The metric system spread slowly, but in 1875, the Convention of the Meter was held at which the metric system became the standard for all weights and measures in 17 countries. By the end of the century, more than 30 countries had changed to using the metric system.

Conversion Factors

    The metric system uses a common conversion factor: 10. To go from decimeters to meters or hectograms to kilograms, you multiply by 10. The English system has a variety of conversion factors such as 16 oz. in a pound and 2,000 lbs. in a ton.

Potential

    The United States is the only major country that still uses the English system. Even in the U.S., the metric system is slowly growing in use.

Fun Fact

    The United States could have been the first country to adopt a metric system when Thomas Jefferson suggested it in 1790. But the United States only adopted a decimal-based currency.

Conference Coordinator Duties

Conference Coordinator Duties

Conference coordinators (also known as event or meeting planners) coordinate events for institutions, businesses or organizations. Conference coordinators arrange all of the details of meetings, conventions, events and conferences such as the guest speakers, location, catering and schedules. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual salary of conference coordinators was about $44,000 in 2006, with the highest earners making more than $74,000 and the lowest earners making around $27,000 per year.

Choose Dates and Theme and Develop Schedule

    Conference coordinators have to work with sponsors to develop a theme, schedule the dates of the conference and determine the goals of the event. Once the goals are established, conference coordinators develop a schedule of speakers, meetings and activities that meet the determined purpose.

Arrange Meeting Space, Inspections and AV Equipment

    After the dates of the conference are determined, the planner establishes the location of the event, developing a floor plan specifying where each part will take place. The planner also arranges the necessary equipment, such as audiovisual equipment, which may involve hiring laborers to develop physical aspects of the space, and working with rental companies to secure chairs, tables and other items.

Plan Vendors, Catering and Concessions

    Conference coordinators also have to make contact with and advertise spaces for vendors, contract with concessions companies, and plan food and drinks for the event if necessary. They must also choose conference giveaways and promotional items and arrange to have them produced and delivered to the event.

Establish Budget and Billing

    Conference coordinators must establish the budget of the event, planning the monetary needs of the conference and communicating them with the executives in charge. They must determine the financial aspects, including the cost of tickets or fees. Coordinators must also determine how, when and where tickets will be sold and calculate the number of attendees based on formulas they develop.

Communicate Event

    Meeting planners also coordinate communications for the the event. They may have to arrange for the production of billboards, mailings, radio, television and print advertisements, develop or arrange web communications and create signage for the days of the event.

Develop Materials for Event

    Once the event's schedule, food and floor plan are developed, the planner must develop materials for the event including brochures, banners and floor maps if necessary. Additionally, the planner must communicate with the speakers or presenters to determine their printing needs and arrange to have those completed.

Arrange Accommodations and Transportation

    Conference coordinators must arrange the transportation and accommodations of out-of-town speakers. Parking spaces may have to be secured and permits issued. Additionally, coordinators may negotiate special hotel rates for attendees.